Many people experience wisdom teeth extraction in their teens or early 20s. However, this procedure is not necessary for everyone. You may be wondering why some people must undergo wisdom teeth removal while others don’t. The answer is a combination of biology, genetics, and oral health factors.
The Evolution of Wisdom Teeth
Wisdom teeth (third molars) were essential for human ancestors who ate coarse, unprocessed foods such as raw meat, roots, and nuts. Having the extra set of molars helped grind these foods.[1] This changed, though, when people began cooking most of what they ate. Food today is softer, and human jaws have evolved to become smaller as a result.
That leaves less room for wisdom teeth to erupt. Third molars often emerge between the ages of 17 and 25. Because people no longer need them and they can cause issues, dental professionals recommend their removal.
Reasons for Wisdom Teeth Extraction
Wisdom tooth removal becomes necessary under several conditions, including the following.
Impacted Wisdom Teeth
Sometimes, these teeth don’t have enough room to emerge. They become impacted, which means they are trapped partially or entirely beneath the gum. This condition can cause pain, swelling, and infection. Impacted wisdom teeth may also push against adjacent teeth, causing them to shift and create a misalignment.
Tooth Decay and Gum Disease
Even if you’re one of the lucky ones whose wisdom teeth fully emerge, you’re not out of the danger zone. Their location at the back of the mouth makes them harder to clean. Food particles and bacteria collect in these areas, increasing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. Wisdom teeth removal may be the best preventive measure if you’re concerned about your oral health.
Sinus Issues
Upper wisdom teeth can sit close to the sinuses. Their roots, especially when impacted, can grow toward the sinuses and create uncomfortable pressure. This issue also increases your risk of developing an abscess at the root, which can cause additional sinus discomfort.
Cysts or Tumors
While not as common as other issues, wisdom teeth can also contribute to cysts or tumors forming within the jawbone. The tumors that develop are usually benign (noncancerous). These cases are rare, but you can avoid the possibility altogether by undergoing oral surgery to remove the wisdom teeth.
Why Some Patients Can Avoid Wisdom Teeth Removal
Some people have third molars that emerge without causing problems. These patients can avoid oral surgery for the following reasons.
Sufficient Jaw Space
Some patients have larger jaws with enough space for wisdom teeth to erupt without overcrowding. These patients often have no discomfort or alignment problems, allowing their third molars to function like any other molar.
Position and Alignment
Wisdom teeth that emerge with proper alignment are easier to clean. Therefore, they are less likely to cause complications. In these cases, dentists may advise against wisdom teeth extraction as long as they remain healthy.
Genetics
Some people never develop wisdom teeth. They may be missing a single tooth or all four. Although it’s hard to know an exact number, some research states that 5% to 37% of people are born with this genetic variation.[2] It has become increasingly common in specific populations. Having fewer wisdom teeth reduces the likelihood that you’ll need to get them extracted.
Keeping Up With Erupted Wisdom Teeth
If your wisdom teeth aren’t causing problems, your dentist may recommend keeping them. However, you must maintain good oral hygiene to keep them healthy. Brushing and flossing can remove the plaque and bacteria that cause gum disease or cavities around these teeth.
You can keep your wisdom teeth healthy by using fluoride toothpaste with a toothbrush that reaches the back of your mouth. Don’t forget to floss around these molars, including the space behind the last tooth. Regular dental checkups are also critical when you have wisdom teeth. Your dentist can spot any problems and stop future complications.
Get Advice for Your Oral Health
Have your wisdom teeth started erupting? Call Albion Family Dental at 585-589-9044. Speak to our dentist about your wisdom teeth, and we’ll check to see whether removal is necessary. Contact us today to schedule your visit.
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